MAD Security Blog | Cybersecurity For Defense Contractors

Continuous Monitoring vs. Annual Review: Why Ongoing Cybersecurity Oversight Matters

Written by MAD Security | December 23, 2025

Many organizations still approach cybersecurity compliance as a once-a-year event. It is often treated as a checkbox item completed right before a contract deadline or assessment. This belief creates a dangerous myth: that an annual compliance review is sufficient to protect systems and satisfy regulatory requirements. 

The reality is that cyber threats are constant. They do not wait for your next review cycle. Treating compliance as a one-time task puts your organization at risk. Oversight must be continuous, not occasional. 

In this blog, we will explain the difference between annual reviews and continuous monitoring. You will learn why periodic reviews often fall short and how ongoing monitoring ensures real, sustainable compliance and security. 

 

What an Annual Review Really Means and Where It Falls Short

For many defense contractors and organizations handling Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI), an annual review consists of policy updates, a one-time gap assessment, and gathering documentation to meet compliance requirements. Frameworks such as the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC), Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS), and National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-171 often require this type of documentation. 

On paper, this looks like progress. In practice, it provides only a snapshot; a look at how your environment appeared at one point in time. It says nothing about how secure you are today. 

Systems evolve. Staff turnover affects access control. New vulnerabilities are discovered constantly. A static review cannot account for these changes. 

Annual reviews lack real-time insight and provide no mechanism for early detection or active enforcement. This creates blind spots that attackers can exploit. If you are only checking your controls once a year, your compliance posture may already be outdated. 

 

What Continuous Monitoring Is and Why It Matters

Continuous monitoring is a proactive cybersecurity strategy designed to provide real-time insight into the performance and effectiveness of your security controls. It is not just about alerting; it is about maintaining visibility, accountability, and readiness every day. 

Core activities include: 

Aggregating and analyzing log data from across systems 
Detecting suspicious activity and abnormal behavior 
Validating whether controls are operating as intended 
Tracking user access and system configurations continuously 

Modern compliance frameworks do not just require policies. They require proof that your security program is functioning on an ongoing basis. For example, CMMC Level 2 expects evidence that technical and administrative controls are consistently enforced. 

More importantly, cyber threats are not waiting for your next scheduled review. A misconfigured system or forgotten user account could lead to a breach before your next annual assessment. Without continuous monitoring, these risks remain invisible. 

For organizations working in sensitive or regulated environments, continuous monitoring is not a luxury, it is a necessity. 

 

How Continuous Monitoring Works Day to Day

While continuous monitoring may sound complex, it becomes very practical when embedded into your daily operations. 

At MAD Security, we deliver continuous monitoring through our 24/7 Security Operations Center and Virtual Compliance Management services. These solutions work together to provide constant visibility and rapid response. 

Here are some of the day-to-day functions we monitor: 

Unauthorized access attempts and account misuse 
Privilege escalation activity across systems 
Abnormal behavior on endpoints or networks
Configuration changes that could weaken security 
Disabling of critical controls such as multifactor authentication 
Real-time validation of compliance control effectiveness 

For example, if an employee leaves the organization, but their credentials are not removed, or if someone disables a key security setting, we detect it and alert the right people immediately. You do not need to wait for your next assessment to discover the issue.

Continuous monitoring ensures that your cybersecurity controls are not just defined; they are defended. 

 

Why One-Time Assessments Are No Longer Enough

The regulatory landscape has changed. One-time assessments no longer meet the expectations of oversight bodies such as the Defense Industrial Base Cybersecurity Assessment Center.

These entities are not just checking if controls exist, they are evaluating whether your organization is operationally enforcing them on a daily basis. You must be able to show continuous evidence that your security posture is functioning as designed. 

One-time assessments fall short because: 

They do not catch drift in user permissions or control settings
They miss emerging threats that occur between review cycles
They offer no documentation of real-time control activity 
They do not reflect operational maturity 

Continuous monitoring addresses these gaps. It supports compliance by creating a trail of verifiable evidence, improving your response times, and ensures that your environment stays aligned with standards like NIST SP 800-171 and CMMC. 

 

The Long-Term Benefits of Continuous Monitoring 

Continuous monitoring is more than a compliance tactic; it is a strategic advantage. 

Here are some of the long-term benefits: 

Faster detection and containment of threats 
Reduced preparation time for assessments and contract reviews 
Improved evidence collection and reporting 
Greater confidence in control performance across your organization 
Enhanced visibility for executives, IT teams, and compliance leaders 

With continuous monitoring in place, you do not just prepare for assessments. You stay ready all year long. 

 

Compliance Is Not a Calendar Event

Cybersecurity threats evolve constantly. Your compliance approach must keep pace. Annual reviews alone are no longer enough to meet modern standards or protect sensitive data. 

If your current approach relies on once-a-year check-ins, your organization may already be out of step with industry expectations and potentially exposed. 

Continuous monitoring helps you maintain dynamic, defensible, and demonstrable cybersecurity posture. It reduces risk, accelerates response, and strengthens your ability to meet the demands of today’s regulatory landscape. 

 

Ready to Move from Reactive to Resilient?

If you are still relying on annual reviews alone to manage compliance, you may be falling behind and leaving your organization vulnerable. 

MAD Security helps defense contractors and government-regulated businesses build and maintain continuous monitoring programs that align with modern compliance standards.

From our Security Operations Center to Virtual Compliance Management, we provide the tools, processes, and expertise to keep you secure and assessment-ready every day. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

 

Original Publish Date: December 23, 2025

By: MAD Security