Navigating Maritime Facility Cybersecurity: Strategies for a Resilient Future

With cyber threats on the rise, maritime facilities need to strengthen their defenses to protect the critical infrastructure that keeps operations running safely and smoothly. Cybersecurity in maritime operations is not just a compliance requirement—it is a strategic necessity. At MAD Security, we bring decades of expertise in safeguarding maritime assets, ensuring operational continuity, and enhancing resilience.

This article distills insights from our recent Maritime Cybersecurity Town Hall, where industry experts, including our VP of Maritime Cybersecurity, CDR Cliff Neve (USCG Ret.), provided an in-depth analysis of the evolving cyber threat landscape and practical strategies for maritime facilities.

Understanding Maritime Facility Cybersecurity Risks

Boats in the port of Miami at sunset Maritime facilities are increasingly dependent on interconnected Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) systems. This convergence heightens vulnerabilities, making ports, terminals, and shipyards prime targets for cyberattacks. Threat actors—ranging from cybercriminals to nation-state adversaries—seek to exploit weak cybersecurity controls to disrupt cargo operations, compromise safety, and access sensitive data.

Key cyber threats to maritime facilities include:

Ransomware Attacks: Threat actors infiltrate networks, encrypt critical data, and demand ransom payments.
Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs): Long-term, stealthy cyber intrusions targeting sensitive maritime operations.
Phishing & Social Engineering: Employees are tricked into divulging credentials or executing malicious software.
OT System Exploitation: Unpatched industrial control systems (ICS) and SCADA networks provide entry points for attackers.

Compliance vs. Security: A Strategic Approach

A recurring theme in our discussion was the distinction between compliance and security. Many organizations focus solely on meeting regulatory mandates without implementing robust security measures. As Cliff Neve emphasized:

"If you do security right, compliance normally follows. The converse is not as true."

Cliff Neve

Rather than merely aiming for compliance with Coast Guard cyber job aids or regulatory frameworks, maritime organizations should proactively strengthen their cybersecurity posture through best practices, risk assessments, and continuous monitoring.

Key Cybersecurity Strategies for Maritime Facilities

Develop a Comprehensive Cybersecurity Governance Plan

Every maritime facility should have a formalized cybersecurity policy that integrates with its Facility Security Plan (FSP). This governance framework must define:

Roles and Responsibilities: Facility Security Officer (FSO) and Cybersecurity Officer (CISO) collaboration.
Risk Management Practices: Identifying critical assets and potential threats.
Incident Response and Recovery Protocols: Defining clear escalation and reporting procedures.

Implement IT and OT Network Segmentation

Network segmentation is a crucial strategy for preventing lateral movement by cyber adversaries. Facilities should:

Separate IT and OT networks to limit exposure.
Enforce strict access controls between administrative and operational systems.
Monitor traffic for anomalies indicative of unauthorized access attempts.

Strengthen Access Controls and Credential Management

Human error remains a leading cybersecurity risk. To mitigate insider threats and credential-based attacks, facilities should:

Enforce Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for remote access.
Conduct regular privilege audits to prevent scope creep in user permissions.
Decommission access immediately for former employees and contractors.

Conduct Continuous Cybersecurity Assessments

Cyber threats evolve rapidly, making periodic assessments essential. Facilities must:

Perform vulnerability scans and penetration testing on IT and OT networks.
Assess third-party vendor risks to prevent supply chain compromises.
Engage in tabletop exercises and red team engagements to test response readiness.

Implement 24/7 Security Operations Monitoring

Proactive threat detection is the backbone of a strong cybersecurity program. Facilities should:

Deploy a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system for real-time monitoring.
Leverage Managed Detection & Response (MDR) services for advanced threat hunting.
Ensure all critical logs are collected, correlated, and analyzed for anomalies.

Conduct Regular Cybersecurity Training & Awareness Programs

A well-trained workforce is the first line of defense. Facilities should:

Implement mandatory phishing awareness training.
Simulate real-world attack scenarios through cyber drills.
Ensure FSOs, IT personnel, and executive leadership collaborate in cybersecurity exercises.

Establish a Robust Incident Response Plan

In the event of a cyberattack, having a well-defined response framework minimizes operational disruptions. Facilities should:

Develop clear escalation protocols for reporting incidents to the National Response Center.
Implement rapid containment measures to isolate affected systems.
Coordinate with the Coast Guard, Area Maritime Security Committees (AMSC), and industry partners.

The Future of Maritime Cybersecurity Regulation

While the Coast Guard’s Facility Inspector Cyber Job Aid provides high-level guidance, upcoming regulatory changes may impose stricter cybersecurity requirements. The recently released “Cybersecurity in the Marine Transportation System” Rule further mandates:

Designation of a dedicated Cybersecurity Officer
More rigorous cybersecurity audits and assessments
Formalized reporting obligations for cyber incidents

Organizations that proactively align with industry best practices now will be well-positioned to comply with future regulations while maintaining security resilience.

How MAD Security Supports Maritime Cybersecurity

At MAD Security, we specialize in maritime cybersecurity services, including:

✅ Managed Detection & Response (MDR): 24/7 security monitoring of IT and OT networks.
✅ Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) Services: Aligning maritime cybersecurity programs with NIST, DFARS, and CMMC.
✅ Virtual CISO Services: Providing strategic cybersecurity leadership tailored to maritime organizations.
✅ Incident Response & Threat Hunting: Rapid containment and mitigation of cyber threats.
✅ Penetration Testing & Red Team Exercises: Identifying and addressing security gaps before adversaries exploit them.

As a CMMC Registered Provider Organization (RPO) with deep expertise in maritime security, MAD Security is committed to safeguarding critical infrastructure and ensuring compliance with evolving regulations.

CONCLUSION
Proactive Cybersecurity is Mission-Critical

Maritime facilities can no longer afford to take a reactive stance on cybersecurity. By prioritizing security over compliance, organizations can fortify their defenses, enhance resilience, and protect vital maritime operations.

Let’s navigate the cybersecurity landscape together—ensuring safe and secure maritime operations for the future.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is cybersecurity important for maritime facilities?

Cybersecurity is critical for maritime facilities because they rely on interconnected IT and OT systems that are vulnerable to cyber threats. Cyberattacks can disrupt cargo operations, compromise safety, and lead to financial losses. Protecting these systems ensures operational continuity, regulatory compliance, and national security.

What are the biggest cybersecurity threats to maritime facilities?

The most common cyber threats to maritime operations include:

Ransomware attacks that encrypt critical data and demand payment.
Phishing and social engineering tactics to steal credentials.
Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) where hackers remain undetected in systems for extended periods.
Operational Technology (OT) vulnerabilities in industrial control systems, cranes, and SCADA networks.

What steps can maritime facilities take to strengthen cybersecurity?

Maritime organizations should implement:

Network segmentation to separate IT and OT environments.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) and strong access controls.
24/7 security monitoring through Managed Detection & Response (MDR).
Regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing.
Cybersecurity training to educate employees on phishing and social engineering threats.

How can maritime facilities comply with Coast Guard cybersecurity regulations?

Compliance involves integrating cybersecurity into the Facility Security Plan (FSP) and conducting Facility Security Assessments (FSA) to identify vulnerabilities. While the Coast Guard’s Cyber Job Aid provides guidance, upcoming regulations may require formal Cybersecurity Officers, mandatory reporting of cyber incidents, and stricter security controls. A proactive approach to cybersecurity helps ensure compliance while enhancing overall security.

How can MAD Security help maritime facilities improve cybersecurity?

MAD Security provides specialized maritime cybersecurity services, including:

✅ Managed Detection & Response (MDR) for 24/7 threat monitoring.
✅ Virtual CISO & Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) Services to align with NIST, DFARS, and CMMC.
✅ Incident Response & Threat Hunting to rapidly detect and contain threats.
✅ Penetration Testing & Red Team Exercises to identify vulnerabilities before attackers exploit them.